Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence.
Identifieur interne : 000420 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000419; suivant : 000421Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence.
Auteurs : Harold J G. Meijer [Pays-Bas] ; Charikleia Schoina [Pays-Bas] ; Shutong Wang [Pays-Bas, République populaire de Chine] ; Klaas Bouwmeester [Pays-Bas] ; Chenlei Hua [Pays-Bas] ; Francine Govers [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Molecular plant pathology [ 1364-3703 ] ; 2019.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Calcium (MeSH), Maladies des plantes (microbiologie), Oomycetes (enzymologie), Oomycetes (pathogénicité), Phospholipase D (métabolisme), Phospholipides (métabolisme), Phytophthora infestans (enzymologie), Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité), Signaux de triage des protéines (MeSH), Virulence (MeSH).
- MESH :
- enzymologie : Oomycetes, Phytophthora infestans.
- microbiologie : Maladies des plantes.
- métabolisme : Phospholipase D, Phospholipides.
- pathogénicité : Oomycetes, Phytophthora infestans.
- Calcium, Signaux de triage des protéines, Virulence.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Phospholipase D, Phospholipids.
- chemical : Calcium, Protein Sorting Signals.
- enzymology : Oomycetes, Phytophthora infestans.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases.
- pathogenicity : Oomycetes, Phytophthora infestans.
- Virulence.
Abstract
The successful invasion of host tissue by (hemi-)biotrophic plant pathogens is dependent on modifications of the host plasma membrane to facilitate the two-way transfer of proteins and other compounds. Haustorium formation and the establishment of extrahaustorial membranes are probably dependent on a variety of enzymes that modify membranes in a coordinated fashion. Phospholipases, enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, have been implicated as virulence factors in several pathogens. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes potato late blight. It possesses different classes of phospholipase D (PLD) proteins, including small PLD-like proteins with and without signal peptide (sPLD-likes and PLD-likes, respectively). Here, we studied the role of sPLD-like-1, sPLD-like-12 and PLD-like-1 in the infection process. They are expressed in expanding lesions on potato leaves and during in vitro growth, with the highest transcript levels in germinating cysts. When expressed in planta in the presence of the silencing suppressor P19, all three elicited a local cell death response that was visible at the microscopic level as autofluorescence and strongly boosted in the presence of calcium. Moreover, inoculation of leaves expressing the small PLD-like genes resulted in increased lesion growth and greater numbers of sporangia, but this was abolished when mutated PLD-like genes were expressed with non-functional PLD catalytic motifs. These results show that the three small PLD-likes are catalytically active and suggest that their enzymatic activity is required for the promotion of virulence, possibly by executing membrane modifications to support the growth of P. infestans in the host.
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12746
PubMed: 30171659
PubMed Central: PMC6637911
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Meijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoina, Charikleia" sort="Schoina, Charikleia" uniqKey="Schoina C" first="Charikleia" last="Schoina">Charikleia Schoina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shutong" sort="Wang, Shutong" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shutong" last="Wang">Shutong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>071001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouwmeester, Klaas" sort="Bouwmeester, Klaas" uniqKey="Bouwmeester K" first="Klaas" last="Bouwmeester">Klaas Bouwmeester</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hua, Chenlei" sort="Hua, Chenlei" uniqKey="Hua C" first="Chenlei" last="Hua">Chenlei Hua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govers, Francine" sort="Govers, Francine" uniqKey="Govers F" first="Francine" last="Govers">Francine Govers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30171659</idno><idno type="pmid">30171659</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/mpp.12746</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6637911</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000675</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000675</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000675</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000675</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000675</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence.</title><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Harold J G" sort="Meijer, Harold J G" uniqKey="Meijer H" first="Harold J G" last="Meijer">Harold J G. Meijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoina, Charikleia" sort="Schoina, Charikleia" uniqKey="Schoina C" first="Charikleia" last="Schoina">Charikleia Schoina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shutong" sort="Wang, Shutong" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shutong" last="Wang">Shutong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>071001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouwmeester, Klaas" sort="Bouwmeester, Klaas" uniqKey="Bouwmeester K" first="Klaas" last="Bouwmeester">Klaas Bouwmeester</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hua, Chenlei" sort="Hua, Chenlei" uniqKey="Hua C" first="Chenlei" last="Hua">Chenlei Hua</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Govers, Francine" sort="Govers, Francine" uniqKey="Govers F" first="Francine" last="Govers">Francine Govers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>6700AA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular plant pathology</title><idno type="eISSN">1364-3703</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium (MeSH)</term><term>Oomycetes (enzymology)</term><term>Oomycetes (pathogenicity)</term><term>Phospholipase D (metabolism)</term><term>Phospholipids (metabolism)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (enzymology)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity)</term><term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term><term>Protein Sorting Signals (MeSH)</term><term>Virulence (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Calcium (MeSH)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term><term>Oomycetes (enzymologie)</term><term>Oomycetes (pathogénicité)</term><term>Phospholipase D (métabolisme)</term><term>Phospholipides (métabolisme)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (enzymologie)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité)</term><term>Signaux de triage des protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Virulence (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Phospholipase D</term><term>Phospholipids</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Calcium</term><term>Protein Sorting Signals</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phospholipase D</term><term>Phospholipides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Virulence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Calcium</term><term>Signaux de triage des protéines</term><term>Virulence</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The successful invasion of host tissue by (hemi-)biotrophic plant pathogens is dependent on modifications of the host plasma membrane to facilitate the two-way transfer of proteins and other compounds. Haustorium formation and the establishment of extrahaustorial membranes are probably dependent on a variety of enzymes that modify membranes in a coordinated fashion. Phospholipases, enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, have been implicated as virulence factors in several pathogens. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes potato late blight. It possesses different classes of phospholipase D (PLD) proteins, including small PLD-like proteins with and without signal peptide (sPLD-likes and PLD-likes, respectively). Here, we studied the role of sPLD-like-1, sPLD-like-12 and PLD-like-1 in the infection process. They are expressed in expanding lesions on potato leaves and during in vitro growth, with the highest transcript levels in germinating cysts. When expressed in planta in the presence of the silencing suppressor P19, all three elicited a local cell death response that was visible at the microscopic level as autofluorescence and strongly boosted in the presence of calcium. Moreover, inoculation of leaves expressing the small PLD-like genes resulted in increased lesion growth and greater numbers of sporangia, but this was abolished when mutated PLD-like genes were expressed with non-functional PLD catalytic motifs. These results show that the three small PLD-likes are catalytically active and suggest that their enzymatic activity is required for the promotion of virulence, possibly by executing membrane modifications to support the growth of P. infestans in the host.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30171659</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>08</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1364-3703</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>02</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Molecular plant pathology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mol Plant Pathol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>180-193</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/mpp.12746</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The successful invasion of host tissue by (hemi-)biotrophic plant pathogens is dependent on modifications of the host plasma membrane to facilitate the two-way transfer of proteins and other compounds. Haustorium formation and the establishment of extrahaustorial membranes are probably dependent on a variety of enzymes that modify membranes in a coordinated fashion. Phospholipases, enzymes that hydrolyse phospholipids, have been implicated as virulence factors in several pathogens. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes potato late blight. It possesses different classes of phospholipase D (PLD) proteins, including small PLD-like proteins with and without signal peptide (sPLD-likes and PLD-likes, respectively). Here, we studied the role of sPLD-like-1, sPLD-like-12 and PLD-like-1 in the infection process. They are expressed in expanding lesions on potato leaves and during in vitro growth, with the highest transcript levels in germinating cysts. When expressed in planta in the presence of the silencing suppressor P19, all three elicited a local cell death response that was visible at the microscopic level as autofluorescence and strongly boosted in the presence of calcium. Moreover, inoculation of leaves expressing the small PLD-like genes resulted in increased lesion growth and greater numbers of sporangia, but this was abolished when mutated PLD-like genes were expressed with non-functional PLD catalytic motifs. These results show that the three small PLD-likes are catalytically active and suggest that their enzymatic activity is required for the promotion of virulence, possibly by executing membrane modifications to support the growth of P. infestans in the host.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2018 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by BSPP and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meijer</LastName><ForeName>Harold J G</ForeName><Initials>HJG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schoina</LastName><ForeName>Charikleia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Shutong</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouwmeester</LastName><ForeName>Klaas</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hua</LastName><ForeName>Chenlei</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Govers</LastName><ForeName>Francine</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5311-929X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Mol Plant Pathol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100954969</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1364-3703</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010743">Phospholipids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D021382">Protein Sorting Signals</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.4.4</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010739">Phospholipase D</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>SY7Q814VUP</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002118">Calcium</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002118" MajorTopicYN="N">Calcium</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009868" MajorTopicYN="N">Oomycetes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="N">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="N">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010739" MajorTopicYN="N">Phospholipase D</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010743" MajorTopicYN="N">Phospholipids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055750" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="Y">enzymology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D021382" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Sorting Signals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014774" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">calcium</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">late 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Meijer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bouwmeester, Klaas" sort="Bouwmeester, Klaas" uniqKey="Bouwmeester K" first="Klaas" last="Bouwmeester">Klaas Bouwmeester</name><name sortKey="Govers, Francine" sort="Govers, Francine" uniqKey="Govers F" first="Francine" last="Govers">Francine Govers</name><name sortKey="Hua, Chenlei" sort="Hua, Chenlei" uniqKey="Hua C" first="Chenlei" last="Hua">Chenlei Hua</name><name sortKey="Meijer, Harold J G" sort="Meijer, Harold J G" uniqKey="Meijer H" first="Harold J G" last="Meijer">Harold J G. Meijer</name><name sortKey="Schoina, Charikleia" sort="Schoina, Charikleia" uniqKey="Schoina C" first="Charikleia" last="Schoina">Charikleia Schoina</name><name sortKey="Wang, Shutong" sort="Wang, Shutong" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shutong" last="Wang">Shutong Wang</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Shutong" sort="Wang, Shutong" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shutong" last="Wang">Shutong Wang</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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